Web Accessibility Basics

An introduction to web accessibility and how to make your websites usable for everyone.

Web Accessibility Basics

Web accessibility ensures that websites are usable by everyone, including people with disabilities. It's not just the right thing to do - it's often required by law and makes business sense.

Why Accessibility Matters

  • Legal compliance: Many countries have accessibility laws
  • Broader audience: Reach more users
  • Better SEO: Accessible sites rank better
  • Improved UX: Benefits all users, not just those with disabilities

Semantic HTML

Use proper HTML elements:

<!-- Good -->
<button>Click me</button>
<nav>Navigation</nav>
<main>Main content</main>

<!-- Bad -->
<div onclick="doSomething()">Click me</div>

ARIA Attributes

Use ARIA when semantic HTML isn't enough:

<button aria-label="Close dialog">×</button>
<div role="alert" aria-live="polite">Error message</div>

Keyboard Navigation

Ensure all functionality is keyboard accessible:

  • Use Tab to navigate
  • Provide visible focus indicators
  • Implement keyboard shortcuts
  • Test without a mouse

Color Contrast

Maintain sufficient color contrast:

  • Text should have at least 4.5:1 contrast ratio
  • Large text needs 3:1 ratio
  • Use tools like WebAIM Contrast Checker

Alt Text for Images

Always provide meaningful alt text:

<!-- Good -->
<img src="chart.png" alt="Sales increased 25% in Q4 2023">

<!-- Bad -->
<img src="chart.png" alt="image">

Testing Accessibility

Test your site:

  • Use screen readers (NVDA, JAWS, VoiceOver)
  • Test keyboard navigation
  • Run automated tools (axe, WAVE)
  • Get feedback from users with disabilities

WCAG Guidelines

Follow WCAG 2.1 guidelines:

  • Perceivable: Information must be presentable to users
  • Operable: Interface components must be operable
  • Understandable: Information must be understandable
  • Robust: Content must be robust enough for assistive technologies

Conclusion

Accessibility is not a feature - it's a fundamental requirement. Start implementing these practices today, and your websites will be better for everyone. Remember, small changes can make a big difference!